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ENISA Threat Landscape 2025

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Through a more threat-centric approach and further contextual analysis, this latest edition of the ENISA Threat Landscape analyses 4875 incidents over a period spanning from 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2025. At its core, this report provides an…

NIS Investments 2025

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The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy
translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.…

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

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This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The…

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Mutual Aid for Resilient Infrastructure in Europe (M.A.R.I.E.) - Phase II: Recommendations Report

This report presents 5 main recommendations which will –if implemented- improve emergency preparedness for ICT Stakeholders. The results of the preliminary study performed in 2011 showed that the preparedness for Black Swan events (low probability…

Power Supply Dependencies in the Electronic Communications Sector

Electronic communications are the backbone of the EU’s digital society. Article 13a of the EU’s electronic communications Framework directive asks EU Member States to ensure the security and resilience of public electronic communications networks…

Trusted e-ID Infrastructures and services in the EU - Recommendations for Trusted Provision of e-Government services

Under the scope of the the proposed new Regulation on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market, which will supersede the current Directive 1999/93/EC on a Community framework for electronic…

Trusted e-ID infrastructures and services in EU

ENISA has conducted a survey about the security mechanisms used by TSPs (Trust Service Providers) in Europe, and their interoperability, under the scope of the proposed new Regulation on electronic identification and trust services for electronic…

CERT community - Recognition mechanisms and schemes

This document provides an overview of existing mechanisms supporting Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) to deploy capabilities necessary for their operations and their maturity level. It introduces these mechanisms according to the CERT…
enisa threat landscape 2013 overview of current and emerging cyber threats

ENISA Threat Landscape 2013 - Overview of current and emerging cyber-threats

ENISA releases the 2013's ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL 2013). The ENISA Threat Landscape is a collection of top cyber-threats that have been assessed in the reporting period, ie. end 2012-end 2013. ENISA has collected over 250 reports regarding…

Good Practices for an EU ICS Testing Coordination Capability

There is growing interest in ICS security testing in Europe. This has led to the current situation in which several initiatives have emerged. Unfortunately, they are mostly considered immature, with poor or no coordination between them and room for…

Securing personal data in the context of data retention

Data retention legislation has been adopted to address concerns related to national security and serious criminal activity. The legislation provides access to communication data for law enforcement purposes. However, according to the Data Retention…

EISAS Deployment feasibility study

EISAS – European Information Sharing and Alerting – has proven to be a great opportunity to enhance collaboration and foster awareness-raising actions across Europe. ENISA helped design EISAS, but now EISAS has to run by itself. The deployment plan…

Incident Reporting for Cloud Computing

The proposed NIS Directive mentions cloud computing explicitly. This is not surprising. Cloud infrastructures play an increasingly important role in the digital society. A large part of the EU’s Digital Agenda is the European cloud strategy which…