Publications

Featured publications

ENISA NIS360

This edition of the ENISA NIS360 report is the third to assess the cybersecurity maturity and criticality of all sectors of high criticality as identified under Annex I of the NIS2 directive. The assessment covers the entire ecosystem of a sector…

NIS Investments 2025

The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…

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Threat Landscape of Internet Infrastructure

This study details a list of good practices that aim at securing an Internet infrastructure asset from Important Specific Threats. A gap analysis identifies that some assets remain not covered by current good practices: human resources (…

Privacy and Data Protection by Design

This report contributes to bridging the gap between the legal framework and the available technolog-ical implementation measures by providing an inventory of existing approaches, privacy design strat-egies, and technical building blocks of…

Smart Grid Security Certification in Europe

The report describes the need for harmonised European smart grid certification practices which cover the complete smart grid supply chain, and are supported by a European platform based on M/490 SGAM1 (Smart Grid Architecture Model) and the…

Protection of Underground Electronic Communications Infrastructure

This document aims to provide recommendations to Member States (MS) that wish to protect their underground electronic communications infrastructure against disruption due to civil works. This document shall help MS to assess their need to deploy…

Secure ICT Procurement in Electronic Communications

The report, “Secure ICT Procurement in Electronic Communications”, focuses on the growing dependency of electronic communications service providers on ICT products and outsourced services, it analyses security risks associated with third party…

Security Guide for ICT Procurement

The “Security Guide for ICT Procurement” aims to be a practical tool for electronic communications service providers to better manage security risks when dealing with vendors of ICT products and outsourced services. The Guide maps security risks…

Impact Analysis and Roadmap

This report represents the outcome of an impact assessment of ENISA’s support to Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) for the period 2005 until today. The impact assessment has served as a basis for a proposed roadmap to 2020.
The key…

An evaluation framework for Cyber Security Strategies

ENISA work on the evaluation of National Cyber Security Strategies (NCSS) addressing to policy experts and government officials who design, implement and evaluate an NCSS policy. It aims to be a flexible and pragmatic tool based on…

Scalable and Accepted Methods for Trust Building

One of ENISA’s role is that of community builder. In order to properly fulfill this role, ENISA must have a better insight at what makes or breaks a community – trust. This report takes a first informal look at how communities build and maintain…

Algorithms, key size and parameters report 2014

The “Algorithms, key size and parameters” report of 2014 is a reference document providing a set of guidelines to decision makers, in particular specialists designing and implementing cryptographic solutions for personal data protection within…