Publications

Featured publications

ENISA NIS360

This edition of the ENISA NIS360 report is the third to assess the cybersecurity maturity and criticality of all sectors of high criticality as identified under Annex I of the NIS2 directive. The assessment covers the entire ecosystem of a sector…

NIS Investments 2025

The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…

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Inventory of CERT activities in Europe

This document aims to provide an overview on the actual situation concerning CERT matters in Europe. It provides a list of response teams and similar facilities by country, but also contains a catalogue of co-operation, support and…

EP3R 2009-2013 Future of NIS Public Private Cooperation.

The EP3R (European Public-Private Partnership for Resilience) was established in 2009 and was the very first attempt at Pan-European level to use a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to address cross-border Security and Resilience concerns in the…

Cloud Security Guide for SMEs

This guide wants to assist SMEs understand the security risks and opportunities they should take into account when procuring cloud services. This document includes a set of security risk, a set of security opportunities and a list of security…

Guideline on Security measures for Article 4 and Article 13a

The Technical Guideline on Security Measures for Article 4 and Article 13a gives guidance to national competent authorities about the supervision of security measures in Article 13a of the Framework Directive (2009/140/EC) and Article 4 of the e…

Auditing Framework for TSPs

This report provides an overview of the dedicated means of auditing for TSPs. It discusses specifically the following areas: standards applicable to TSPs and Conformity Assessment Bodies (auditors), methodology of auditing TSPs (off- and on-site…

Electronic evidence - a basic guide for First Responders

This report is a continuation of the work done by ENISA in the field of good practices for CSIRTs and LEAs in the fight against cybercrime. It aims at providing a guide for first responders, with a special emphasis in evidence gathering. It aims…

Standardisation in the field of Electronic Identities and Trust Service Providers

This paper explains why standards are important for cyber security, specifically in the area of electronic identification and trust services providers. A number of challenges associated with the definition and deployment of standards in the area…

National/governmental CERTs - ENISA's recommendations on baseline capabilities

Having a national / governmental CERTs in place that fulfils the requirements for ’baseline capabilities’ as defined in this document is essential for CIIP in all Member States. However these teams should not be considered as the one and only…

Security Framework for Governmental Clouds

ENISA after having analysed the present state of play of governmental Cloud deployment in 2013 report, presents a guide on the steps public administration has to take to deploy cloud computing. This report gives guidance on the process from pre-…

Methodologies for the identification of Critical Information Infrastructure assets and services

This study aims to tackle the problem of identification of Critical Information Infrastructures in communication networks. The goal is to provide an overview of the current state of play in Europe and depict possible improvements in order to be…