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ENISA Threat Landscape 2025

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Through a more threat-centric approach and further contextual analysis, this latest edition of the ENISA Threat Landscape analyses 4875 incidents over a period spanning from 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2025. At its core, this report provides an…

NIS Investments 2025

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The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy
translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.…

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

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This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The…

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Secure ICT Procurement in Electronic Communications

The report, “Secure ICT Procurement in Electronic Communications”, focuses on the growing dependency of electronic communications service providers on ICT products and outsourced services, it analyses security risks associated with third party ICT…

Security Guide for ICT Procurement

The “Security Guide for ICT Procurement” aims to be a practical tool for electronic communications service providers to better manage security risks when dealing with vendors of ICT products and outsourced services. The Guide maps security risks…

Impact Analysis and Roadmap

This report represents the outcome of an impact assessment of ENISA’s support to Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) for the period 2005 until today. The impact assessment has served as a basis for a proposed roadmap to 2020. The key…

An evaluation framework for Cyber Security Strategies

ENISA work on the evaluation of National Cyber Security Strategies (NCSS) addressing to policy experts and government officials who design, implement and evaluate an NCSS policy. It aims to be a flexible and pragmatic tool based on…

Scalable and Accepted Methods for Trust Building

One of ENISA’s role is that of community builder. In order to properly fulfill this role, ENISA must have a better insight at what makes or breaks a community – trust. This report takes a first informal look at how communities build and maintain…

Algorithms, key size and parameters report 2014

The “Algorithms, key size and parameters” report of 2014 is a reference document providing a set of guidelines to decision makers, in particular specialists designing and implementing cryptographic solutions for personal data protection within…

Study on cryptographic protocols

Cryptographic algorithms, when used in networks, are used within a cryptographic protocol. Even if the cryptographic primitives and schemes (discussed in the “Algorithms, key size and parameters” report of 2014, see link below) are deemed secure,…

Cybersecurity competitions — the status in Europe

This report focuses on analysing the current situation concerning cybersecurity challenge competitions in Europe. The experience gathered will be the basis to develop a pan-European competition on cybersecurity.

Good Practice Guide on Training Methodologies

The goal of this document is to guide both novice and experienced trainers to design and deliver trainings of any size or type, and to make these trainings more successful, more “fun” and with better and longer lasting results.

Report on Cyber Crisis Cooperation and Management

This is a comparative study on the cyber crisis management and the general crisis management. The purpose of the study is twofold: to compare the concepts from general crisis management systems with the corresponding systems related to cyber crisis…