To shape our understanding of the cyber threat landscape and the dynamics at work, ENISA collected and analysed incidents and events observed from 1 January to 31 December 2025 for this new edition of the Threat Landscape. The 2025 cyber threat…
This edition of the ENISA NIS360 report is the third to assess the cybersecurity maturity and criticality of all sectors of high criticality as identified under Annex I of the NIS2 directive. The assessment covers the entire ecosystem of a sector…
This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…
This document builds upon the current practice of CSIRTs with responsibilities for ICS networks, and also on the earlier work of ENISA on a baseline capabilities scheme for national/ governmental (n/g) CSIRTs. The document is an initial attempt…
This Good Practice Collection was produced at the initiative of ENISA in the context of its support activities to ensure the efficient functioning of CSIRTs and their cooperation with Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) in the face of a new…
Mobile communications are an integral part of everyday life. In less than 30 years they have surpassed the traditional fixed line telephony. Every day millions of European citizens rely on mobile telephony for work, social life, but also to…
This guide complements the existing set of ENISA guides that support Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs, also known as CSIRTs). It describes good practices and provides practical information and guidelines for the process of preparing and…
This report aims at providing input for the adoption of a framework on privacy certifications, as well as for eGovernment certification in Europe. There are numerous IT security certification schemes across the European Member States that can…
The focus of this report is on the threat and incident information exchange and sharing practices used among CERTs in Europe, especially, but not limited to, national/governmental CERTs.
It aims at:
- Taking stock of existing…
This report is based on a study and analysis of approaches to national-level risk assessment and threat modelling for cyber security which was conducted between April and October 2013. ENISA aims to provide an evidence-based methodology for…
This document is a brief ENISA report on the annual workshop for Computer Emergency Response Teams in Europe “CERTs in Europe”. The first part of the workshop focused on hands-on technical training for non- governmental CERTs in Europe. Part II…
In this report, ENISA identifies the Member States with operational government Cloud infrastructures and underlines the diversity of Cloud adoption in the public sector in Europe. Moreover through this document, ENISA aims to assist Member States…
This document addresses the protection measures applied to safeguard sensitive and/or personal data, which has been acquired legitimately by a data controller. In this respect it discusses how information technology users, who have a basic…
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