To shape our understanding of the cyber threat landscape and the dynamics at work, ENISA collected and analysed incidents and events observed from 1 January to 31 December 2025 for this new edition of the Threat Landscape. The 2025 cyber threat…
This edition of the ENISA NIS360 report is the third to assess the cybersecurity maturity and criticality of all sectors of high criticality as identified under Annex I of the NIS2 directive. The assessment covers the entire ecosystem of a sector…
This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…
Existing standards in the field have so far only addressed resilience indirectly and thus without detailed definition of the taxonomy and thus of the semantics of security. The primary purpose of an ontology and taxonomies defined in this context…
In 2011 ENISA performed the review of its studies on resilient technologies from 2008-2010, complementing the findings of the previous years and investigating the deployment status of technologies enhancing resilience. Initial review of supply…
The main objective of the project “Secure Communications with the CERTs and other Stakeholders”, which is one of the ENISA activities related to reinforcing communications between CERTs in the Member States, is the preparation work for a report…
This document analyses the operational gaps and overlaps of national/governmental CERTs and provides some reccomendations. Recommendations made in this report represent the results of the analysis of input gathered from the relevant external…
Reputation systems are a key success factor of many websites, enabling users and customers to have a better understanding of the information, products and services being provided. However, by using reputation systems, individuals place themselves…
With the increased use of e-Government services, the amount of citizens’ sensitive data being transmitted over public networks (e.g. the Internet) and stored within applications that are accessible from anywhere on the Internet has grown…
This study describes how EU Member States can deploy the European Information Sharing and Alert System (EISAS) framework for its target group comprised of citizens and small & medium enterprises (SMEs). The report highlights the way to reach…
The 'EISAS (enhanced) report is an implementation plan for further development and deployment of EISAS concept. It's a 'how-to' method for implementing a fully functional EISAS framework until 2013 in the European Union Member States.
New technologies and business models for the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) have brought many benefits to the European Digital Society and the European citizens. At the same time, the increased use of ICTs has been…
Stay updated with ENISA! Sign up for email alerts on publications, events, vacancies, and more.
