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This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The…
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ENISA NIS360 2024
The NIS360 is a new ENISA product that assesses the maturity and criticality of sectors of high criticality under the NIS2 Directive, providing both a comparative overview and a more in-depth analysis of each sector. The NIS360 is designed to…
2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union
This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…
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Privacy considerations of online behavioural tracking
Internet users are being increasingly tracked and profiled and their personal data are extensively used as currency in exchange for services. It is important that this new reality is better understood by all stakeholders if we are to be able to…
National and International Cyber Security Exercises: Survey, Analysis & Recommendations
Cyber exercises are an important tool to assess the preparedness of a community against cyber crises, technology failures and critical information infrastructure incidents. ENISA supports the stakeholders involved in EU cyber exercises.
This report…
Consumerization of IT: Top Risks and Opportunities
This report is an ENISA deliverable in the area of “Identifying & Responding to the Evolving Threat Environment”. It delivers the results of a risk and opportunity assessment in the area of “Consumerization of IT” (COIT), that is, the recent…
EISAS - Enhanced Roadmap 2012
The EISAS Enhanced Roadmap 2012 take account of the results of the EISAS Large scale pilot and foresee the next steps required for a full deployment of EISAS in the EU.
Annual Incident Report 2011
For the first time in the EU, in spring 2012, national reports about security incidents were provided to ENISA and the European Commission, under Article 13a of the Framework Directive (2009/140/EC). This is a new article in the EU legal framework…
Cyber Incident Reporting in the EU
We summarize different security articles in EU legislation which mandate cyber incidents and cyber security measures. In a single diagram we give an overview of Article 13a and Article 4 of the Telecom package, Article 15 of the proposed eID/eSig…
Flash Note: Password security-a joint effort between end-users and service providers
Just halfway through 2012, data leaks have already exposed millions of users’ sensitive personal data including password information. ENISA is reminding service providers to follow best practices to better protect sensitive data.
ENISA Smart Grid Security Recommendations
This study makes 10 recommendations to the public and private sector involved in the definition and implementation of smart grids. These recommendations intend to provide useful and practical advice aimed at improving current initiatives, enhancing…
Incentives and barriers of the cyber insurance market in Europe
ENISA conducted a study identifying possible causes inhibiting the cyber-insurance market in Europe and investigating incentives to kick –start its development. The Study analyses the structure and the characteristics of the market and includes a…
ENISA Report on Resilient Internet Interconnections
This study provides an overview of past incidents that impaired the Internet’s interconnection fabric, and discusses good practices to limit or avoid the impact of future crises events.