Publications

Featured publications

ENISA NIS360

This edition of the ENISA NIS360 report is the third to assess the cybersecurity maturity and criticality of all sectors of high criticality as identified under Annex I of the NIS2 directive. The assessment covers the entire ecosystem of a sector…

NIS Investments 2025

The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…

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Flying 2.0 - Enabling automated air travel by identifying and addressing the challenges of IoT & RFID technology: Annex II

This is Annex II - "Risk Assessment Spreadsheet" of the Final Report "Flying 2.0 - Enabling automated air travel by identifying and addressing the challenges of IoT & RFID technology".

Flying 2.0 - Enabling automated air travel by identifying and addressing the challenges of IoT & RFID technology: Annex I

This is Annex I - " Scenario Building & Analysis" of the Final Report "Flying 2.0 - Enabling automated air travel by identifying and addressing the challenges of IoT & RFID technology".

Emerging and Future Risks Framework - Introductory Manual

This is an introductory manual for the ENISA Emerging and Future Risks Framework.

Behavioural Biometrics

The purpose of this briefing is to give an introduction to the possibilities offered by behavioural biometrics, as well as their limitations and the main issues of disagreement between experts in the field.

Security Issues in Cross-border Electronic Authentication

Improving the interoperability of electronic identification and authentication systems is a European task and a task for all Member States. Considerable efforts have been made in several projects to face the challenges of pan-European…