To shape our understanding of the cyber threat landscape and the dynamics at work, ENISA collected and analysed incidents and events observed from 1 January to 31 December 2025 for this new edition of the Threat Landscape. The 2025 cyber threat…
This edition of the ENISA NIS360 report is the third to assess the cybersecurity maturity and criticality of all sectors of high criticality as identified under Annex I of the NIS2 directive. The assessment covers the entire ecosystem of a sector…
This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…
This report looks at the leading cyber hygiene programs across the European Union and drills down into a selection of Small – Medium Enterprises to establish their understanding and engagement with the national strategies. Based on the…
This report aims to provide decision makers with a thorough description of the security certification status concerning the most impactful equipment in five different critical business sectors. Results of this study should help to improve and…
The purpose of this report is to understand and learn the development of CSIRTs, ISACs, as well as relevant initiatives on information sharing on cyber security incidents in the energy sector by focusing on the subsectors identified in the NIS…
ENISA is continuing the work on communication network dependencies in industrial infrastructures, focusing in this case on ICS/SCADA systems and networks. The main objective is to provide insight into the communication network interdependencies…
The aim of this document is to provide good practices on using taxonomies for incident detection and prevention by taking into account the input received from the CSIRT community and relevant information from previous ENISA studies. In addition,…
ENISA undertook a study to support SME’s on how to adopt security measures for the protection of personal data, following a risk-based approach. In particular, the objectives of the study were to facilitate SMEs in understanding the context of…
This short paper can be of use to suppliers and procurement officers when planning, offering and purchasing ICT products, systems and services. It is meant as a practical, technologically neutral document with clear, simple and sector-agnostic…
This paper aims to provide financial professionals in both business and technology roles with an assessment of the various benefits and challenges that their institutions may encounter when implementing a distributed ledger.
The objective of this study is to identify good practices that ensure the security of smart cars against cyber threats, with the particularity that smart cars’ security shall also guarantee safety. The study lists the sensitive assets present in…
The objective of this report is to assess the current NIS market in the EU from an economic and technical standpoint, in view of the DSM and its future demands for protection. It primarily focuses on the European market’s characteristics,…
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