Recommendations on aligning research programme with policy
The scope of this report is to review existing analysis reports on EU funded Trust and Security Projects, summarize achievements that have significantly promoted specific pillars of NIS, identify and summarize specific outcomes that can promote and…
Gaps in NIS standardisation - Recommendations for improving NIS in EU standardisation policy
This report recommends that the European Commission, with the support of the Member States, pursuant to the NIS Directive, adopt a standards based framework for the exchange of threat and defensive measure information that impacts the functioning of…
Security aspects of virtualization
This report provides an analysis of the status of virtualization security. ENISA presents current efforts, emerging best practices and known security gaps, discussing the impact the latter have on environments based on virtualization technologies.…
Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Research
The aim of this study is to identify needs for research on AI for cybersecurity and on securing AI, as part of ENISA’s work in fulfilling its mandate under Article 11 of the Cybersecurity Act . This report is one of the outputs of this task. In it…
Cyber Security and Resilience of smart cars
The objective of this study is to identify good practices that ensure the security of smart cars against cyber threats, with the particularity that smart cars’ security shall also guarantee safety. The study lists the sensitive assets present in…
Cloud Cybersecurity Market Analysis
The present European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) report is an analysis of the cloud cybersecurity market, planned for in ENISA’s Work Programme 2022 ( ) under activity O.7.1., ‘Market analysis on the main trends in the cybersecurity…
Cybersecurity Challenges in the Uptake of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Driving
This report, drafted jointly by ENISA and JRC, aims to provide insights on the cybersecurity challenges specifically connected to the uptake of AI techniques in autonomous vehicles. It describes the policy context at both the European and…
Annual Privacy Forum (APF) 2025
After 12 years, the Annual Privacy Forum (APF) enters into a new era! ENISA passes the baton to Goethe University Frankfurt and Karlstad University for the continuation of the successful event that bridges research and policy…
Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity Challenges
This report presents the Agency's active mapping of the AI cybersecurity ecosystem and its Threat Landscape, realised with the support of the Ad-Hoc Working Group on Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity. The ENISA AI Threat Landscape not only lays…
Engineering Data Protection in the wake of AI
ENISA organized a webinar aiming to discuss the latest developments and considerations on engineering personal data protection in the AI era.