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For the fifth year, ENISA publishes the annual report about significant outage incidents in the European electronic communications sector, which are reported to ENISA and the European Commission (EC) under Article 13a of the Framework Directive (…

This report explores the cybersecurity of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations providing telecommunications services (LEO satcom). Examining various threats and risks-technical, financial, or commercial the landscape of potential attacks is vast. It…

In this study, we give an overview of how SIM-Swapping attacks work, list measures that providers can take to mitigate the attack and make recommendations for policy makers and authorities in the telecom sector and other sectors. Security of…

In this report, we present a scalable framework to guide NCAs and AI stakeholders on the steps they need to follow to secure their AI systems, operations and processes by using existing knowledge and best practices and identifying missing elements.…

The first Annual Privacy Forum1 (APF’12) was held in Limassol, Cyprus from 10–11 October 2012. The Forum was co-organised by the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)2 and the European Commission Directorate General for…

This report collects the results of a survey launched by ENISA (European Network and Information Security Agency). The main purpose of the survey has been to collect information about the electronic IDentity and Authentication Systems (eIDAS) used…

The purpose of this briefing is to give an introduction to the possibilities offered by quantum key distribution (QKD), as well as its limitations and the main issues of disagreement between experts in the field. ENISA Briefings are short…

The present document provides a series of recommendations for the priorities in the EU for R&D in the domain of ICT security made after analysis of a wide series of interviews with domain experts. The proposed research priorities have the aim to…

This report aims at providing policy makers with evidence to assess the effectiveness of the existing EU cybersecurity framework specifically through data on how Operators of Essential Services (OES) and Digital Service Providers (DSP) identified in…

This Threat Landscape and Good Practice Guide for Big Data provides an overview of the current state of security in the Big Data area. In particular, it identifies Big Data assets, analyses exposure of these assets to threats, lists threat agents,…