The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.
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Through a more threat-centric approach and further contextual analysis, this latest edition of the ENISA Threat Landscape analyses 4875 incidents over a period spanning from 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2025. At its core, this report provides an…
This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…
The primary objective of this paper is the production of guidelines to assist mobile payment developers and mobile payment providers towards recommended security controls which if implemented would help ensure that consumers, retailers and…
In response to the new emerging threats faced by smart airports, this report provides a guide for airport decision makers (CISOs, CIOs, IT Directors and Head of Operations) and airport information security professionals, but also relevant…
This study proposes key recommendations for hospital information security executives and industry to enhance the level of information security in Smart Hospitals. Through the identification of assets and the related threats when IoT components…
The aim of the study is to assess the economic impact of incidents that affect CIIs in EU, based on existing work done by different parties, and set the proper ground for the future work of ENISA in this area.
The analysis conducted for this study, based on the interviews with subject matter experts and review of available studies, shows that, despite rising concerns on information security risks, the level of SMEs information security and privacy…
This report proposes six strategies and twelve recommended actions as an escalated approach that targets the most important aspects detected to be critical for (i) improving the website authentication market in Europe and (ii) successfully…
Vulnerabilities are ‘flaws’ or ‘mistakes’ in computer-based systems that may be exploited to compromise the network and information security of affected systems. They provide a point-of-entry or gateway to exploit a system and as such pose…
In 2010 ENISA started its support for operational collaboration between the Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) in the Member States on the one hand and Law Enforcing Agencies (LEA) on the other hand. Various activities have since been…
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