Publications

Featured publications

2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL) report is an annual report on the status of the cybersecurity threat landscape that identifies prime threats, major trends observed with respect to threats, threat actors and attack techniques, and also describes…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Trust Services Security Incidents 2019 Annual Analysis Report

This report gives an aggregated overview of Trust Services Security Incidents in 2019, showing root causes, statistics and trends. It marks the fourth round of security incident reporting for the EU’s trust services sector. The annual summary…

Cybersecurity Certification: Candidate EUCC Scheme

Following the request from the European Commission in accordance with Article 48.2 of the Cybersecurity Act, ENISA has set up an Ad Hoc Working Group to support the preparation of a candidate EU cybersecurity certification scheme as a successor to…

Proactive detection - Good practices gap analysis recommendations

The current project aims to provide a complete inventory of all available methods, tools, activities and information sources for proactive detection of network security incidents, which are used already or potentially could be used by incident…

Proactive detection – Measures and information sources

The current project aims to provide a complete inventory of all available methods, tools, activities and information sources for proactive detection of network security incidents, which are used already or potentially could be used by incident…

Proactive detection – Survey results

The current project aims to provide a complete inventory of all available methods, tools, activities and information sources for proactive detection of network security incidents, which are used already or potentially could be used by incident…

An overview on enhancing technical cooperation between CSIRTs and LE

This report aims to support the cooperation between CSIRTs - in particular, national and governmental CSIRTs, LEAs and the Judiciary – in particular, prosecutors and judges, in their fight against cybercrime, by providing information on the…

Roadmap on the cooperation between CSIRTS and LE

The purpose of this roadmap is to further explore the cooperation across computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs) in particular with national and governmental - law enforcement (LE) and the Judiciary (prosecutors and judges). This roadmap…

Cybersecurity Skills Development in the EU

This report focuses on the status of the cybersecurity education system and the inability to attract more students in studying cybersecurity and to produce graduates with “the right cybersecurity knowledge and skills”. It argues that many of the…

Standardisation in support of the Cybersecurity Certification

The document presents the value of the cybersecurity standardisation efforts for certification, the roles and responsibilities of Standards Developing Organisations (SDOs) in this context, and discusses various ways how standardisation can support…

ECSC 2019 Analysis Report

This report contains the following key observations were made by independent third-party observers on the ECSC 2019 organisation. These observations have been produced based on the feedback collected from participants, members of the ECSC Jury,…