Publications

Featured publications

2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL) report is an annual report on the status of the cybersecurity threat landscape that identifies prime threats, major trends observed with respect to threats, threat actors and attack techniques, and also describes…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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NIS Investments Report 2023

This report aims at providing policy makers with evidence to assess the effectiveness of the existing EU cybersecurity framework specifically through data on how Operators of Essential Services (OES) and Digital Service Providers (DSP) identified in…

Good Practices for Supply Chain Cybersecurity

The report provides an overview of the current supply chain cybersecurity practices followed by essential and important entities in the EU, based on the results of a 2022 ENISA study which focused on investments of cybersecurity budgets among…

Cloud Cybersecurity Market Analysis

The present European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) report is an analysis of the cloud cybersecurity market, planned for in ENISA’s Work Programme 2022 ( ) under activity O.7.1., ‘Market analysis on the main trends in the cybersecurity…

ENISA Cybersecurity Market Analysis Framework (ECSMAF) -V2.0

This document is the cornerstone of ENISA activities in analysing the EU cybersecurity market. It presents the updated cybersecurity market analysis framework, a guidance, on how EU cybersecurity market analyses can be performed

A Governance Framework for National Cybersecurity Strategies

This study focuses on the good practices around the set-up and deployment of a governance framework to support the implementation of the NCSS in the EU. The main aim of this statistical outline is to give an overview of the key findings of the…

Building Effective Governance Frameworks for the Implementation of National Cybersecurity Strategies

This study is focusing on the good practices around the set-up and deployment of a governance framework to support the implementation of the NCSS in the EU. The objective is to systematically review existing governance models relevant to the…

Demand Side of Cyber Insurance in the EU

The report analyses current perspectives and challenges of Operator of Essential Services (OESs) related to the acquirement of cyber insurance services. Information and statistics are presented according to the selection, acquisition and use of…

NIS Investments 2022

This report marks the third iteration of ENISA's NIS Investments report, which collects data on how Operators of Essential Services (OES) and Digital Service Providers (DSP) identified in the European Union’s directive on security of network and…

Telecom Security Incidents 2021

This report provides anonymised and aggregated information about major telecom security incidents in 2021. The 2021 annual summary contains reports of 168 incidents submitted by national authorities from 26 EU Member States (MS) and 2 EFTA countries.

Trust Services Security Incidents 2021

This report provides an aggregated overview of the notified breaches for 2021, analysing root causes, statistics and trends. It marks the sixth round of security incident reporting for the EU’s trust services sector. In this round of annual summary…