The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.
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Through a more threat-centric approach and further contextual analysis, this latest edition of the ENISA Threat Landscape analyses 4875 incidents over a period spanning from 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2025. At its core, this report provides an…
This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…
With this report ENISA aims to support EU countries with their transposition, by analysing the main changes to the security requirements and the security supervision under the new rules. The principles of security supervision under the new rules…
This report presents the focus and main functionalities of the ENISA’s online platform for the security of personal data processing. This platform is only one tool, which cannot replace the need of a greater compliance and accountability…
The scope of this document is to assess the suitability of the recently published ENs to fulfil the eIDAS Regulation requirements, and to describe the differences with the previous TSs, in view of a possible update of the list of standards…
The present report aims to propose ways in which the eIDAS assessment regime can be strengthened based on the current regime of the eIDAS Regulation, the stakeholders’ concerns and the legitimate need to move towards a more harmonised approach…
The purpose of this study is to support ENISA in the development of an IT System that will enable all the involved stakeholders to collaborate, exchange and share information towards the preparation, adoption and review of cybersecurity…
The following document provides information of requests handled by the Agency pursuant to the ENISA Founding Regulation as contained in the EU Cybersecurity Act (Regulation (EU) 2019/881). The report does not apply to requests that are described…
This report explores further the basic notions of pseudonymisation, as well as technical solutions that can support implementation in practice. Starting from a number of pseudonymisation scenarios, the report defines first the main actors that…
Following the recent transposition of the NIS Directive1 (NISD) into European Member States (MS) legislation, this study aims to analyse the current operational Incident Response set-up within NISD sectors2 and identify the recent changes. The…
Developed in collaboration with several EU ports, this report intends to provide a useful foundation on which CIOs and CISOs of entities involved in the port ecosystem, especially port authorities and terminal operators, can build their…
This report defines good practices for security of smart cars, namely connected and (semi-) autonomous vehicles, providing added-value features in order to enhance car users’ experience and improve car safety. Taking stock of all existing…
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