Publications

Featured publications

NIS Investments 2025

The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.

ENISA Threat Landscape 2025

Through a more threat-centric approach and further contextual analysis, this latest edition of the ENISA Threat Landscape analyses 4875 incidents over a period spanning from 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2025. At its core, this report provides an…

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…

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Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISACs) - Cooperative models

The main objectives of this study are:
1.To provide information about the ISACs in Europe through collecting information on the current status of ISACs and to identify main models of this type of collaboration.
2. To identify current…

Annual Incident Reports 2016

For the sixth year, ENISA publishes the annual report about significant outage incidents in the European electronic communications sector, which are reported to ENISA and the European Commission under Article 13a of the Framework Directive (2009/…

Recommendations on aligning research programme with policy

The scope of this report is to review existing analysis reports on EU funded Trust and Security Projects, summarize achievements that have significantly promoted specific pillars of NIS, identify and summarize specific outcomes that can promote…

Article 19 Incident reporting

The focus of this document is the implementation of incident reporting and it aims at supporting the su-pervisory bodies in being aligned with obligations set out in Article 19. The Article 19 incident reporting framework has been prepared in…

NCSS Good Practice Guide

ENISA published its first National Cyber Security Strategy Good Practice Guide in 2012. Since then, EU Member States and EFTA countries have made great progress in developing and implementing their strategies. This guide is updating the different…

Annual Incident Reports 2015

For the fifth year, ENISA publishes the annual report about significant outage incidents in the European electronic communications sector, which are reported to ENISA and the European Commission (EC) under Article 13a of the Framework Directive (…

Impact evaluation on the implementation of Article 13a incident reporting scheme within EU

As several years have passed since the publication and implementation of the Framework Directive 2009/140 including Art. 13a, an impact evaluation of the new article was necessary. The evaluation has the purpose of assessing the changes in…

NIS Directive and national CSIRTs

This is an informative note on what provisions of the upcoming NIS Directive might mean for CSIRTs. It contains references to parts of the Directive, and some comments and proposals from our side. By no means we consider this document fix or…