Publications

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ENISA NIS360

This edition of the ENISA NIS360 report is the third to assess the cybersecurity maturity and criticality of all sectors of high criticality as identified under Annex I of the NIS2 directive. The assessment covers the entire ecosystem of a sector…

NIS Investments 2025

The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…

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Recommendations for QTSPs based on Standards - Technical guidelines on trust services

Following the publication of the eIDAS Regulation, a set of secondary and co-regulatory acts had to be published in order to provide technical guidance on how to implement the specific requirements of the eIDAS Regulation (in the TSP part of…

Guidelines on Supervision of Qualified Trust Services - Technical guidelines on trust services

This document is one deliverable out of a series whose objective is to propose guidelines aimed at facilitating the implementation of the provisions related to trust services of the eIDAS Regulation in the area of qualified trust services. It…

Guidelines on Termination of Qualified Trust Services

This document proposes guidelines to SB and (Q)TSP aimed at facilitating the implementation of the provisions related to trust services of the eIDAS Regulation in the area of termination of trust services. Termination of QTS is addressed here in…

Tools and Methodologies to Support Cooperation between CSIRTs and Law Enforcement

This report aims to support the cooperation between CSIRTs - in particular national/governmental CSIRTs - and LEAs in their fight against cybercrime, by providing information on the framework and on the technical aspects of the cooperation,…

Improving Cooperation between CSIRTs and Law Enforcement: Legal and Organisational Aspects

This report aims to support the cooperation between CSIRTs - in particular national/governmental CSIRTs - and LEAs in their fight against cybercrime, by providing information on the legal and organisational aspects, identifying current…

Stock taking of information security training needs in critical sectors

The primary objective of this project is to provide a mapping of ENISA’s training program and a strategy to adapt it in the light of the recently adopted EU NIS Directive, catering for the needs of the identified critical sectors.

Annual Incident Analysis Report for the Trust Service Providers

This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the incident reporting procedure in the EU under the Article 19 of the eIDAS Regulation (2014/910/EC). Considering the fact that only the second half of 2016 was applicable and moreover that this…

Recommendations on European Data Protection Certification

The objective of this report is to identify and analyse challenges and opportunities of data protection certification mechanisms, including seals and marks, as introduced by the GDPR, focusing also on existing initiatives and voluntary schemes.…

Baseline Security Recommendations for IoT

The study which is titled ‘Baseline Security Recommendations for Internet of Things in the context of critical information infrastructures’, aims to set the scene for IoT security in Europe. It serves as a reference point in this field and as a…

Commonality of risk assessment language in cyber insurance

While several risk assessment languages and frameworks exist in cyber-insurance, the industry has yet to take steps in the direction of harmonisation. This report aims at further investigating this issue by identifying the incentives and barriers…