Interdependencies between essential and important entities

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Interdependency indicator -

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Category: STRUCTURE
Description: Coupling and complexity of services (e.g. structures of services, system and network designs, etc.)

Number of Controls: 2 Cooperation Group

12 ISO IEC 27002

1 NIST Cybersecurity Framework

19 Cobit5

Mappings to: Cooperation Group (2) ISO IEC 27002 (12) NIST Cybersecurity Framework (1) Cobit5 (19)

Cobit5 Process Description	EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION
Ensure Benefits Delivery Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-05 Cobit5 Process ID: EDM02 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Percent of IT-enabled investments where benefit realisation is monitored through the full economic life cycle • Percent of IT services where expected benefits are realised • Percent of IT-enabled investments where claimed benefits are met or exceeded	Count the number of strategic IT issues such as dependence on IT, dependence on specific components or services, congestion , single points of failure etc.
Manage Risk Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-04 Cobit5 Process ID: APO12 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Percent of critical business processes, IT services and IT-enabled business programmes covered by risk assessment • Number of significant IT-related incidents that were not identified in risk assessment • Percent of enterprise risk assessments including IT-related risk • Frequency of update of risk profile	Review the risk assessment results and count the cases where the underlying vulnerability is related to increased system complexity.
Manage requirements Definition Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-07 Cobit5 Process ID: BAI02 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Customer Sample Metrics: • Number of business disruptions due to IT service incidents • Percent of business stakeholders satisfied that IT service delivery meets agreed-on service levels • Percent of users satisfied with the quality of IT service delivery	Review the record of requirement change requests per project per service. Identify the services that have the highest number of related change requests.
Monitor, Evaluate and Assess the System of Internal Control Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-15 Cobit5 Process ID: MEA02 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Internal Sample Metrics: • Number of incidents related to non-compliance to policy • Percent of stakeholders who understand policies • Percent of policies supported by effective standards and working practices • Frequency of policies review and update	Review the external and internal assessment reports focusing on identified vulnerabilities regarding the coupling of services.
Manage the IT Management Framework Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-01 Cobit5 Process ID: APO01 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Percent of enterprise strategic goals and requirements supported by IT strategic goals • Level of stakeholder satisfaction with scope of the planned portfolio of programmes and services • Percent of IT value drivers mapped to business value drivers	Identify enterprise goals related to complexity and coupling. Measure the compliance to these objectives
Manage Security Services Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-10 Cobit5 Process ID: DSS05 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Internal Sample Metrics: • Number of security incidents causing financial loss, business disruption or public embarrassment • Number of IT services with outstanding security requirements • Time to grant, change and remove access privileges, compared to agreed-on service levels • Frequency of security assessment against latest standards and guidelines	Identify and count all systems whose access is contolled through the access control policy.
Manage Configuration Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-02 Cobit5 Process ID: BAI10 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Cost of IT non-compliance, including settlements and fines, and the impact of reputational loss • Number of IT-related non-compliance issues reported to the board or causing public comment or embarrassment • Number of non-compliance issues relating to contractual agreements with IT service providers • Coverage of compliance assessments	Review the reports on the evaluation for design weaknesses (e.g., inconsistencies, lack of clarity, potential flaws) throughout the life cycle focusing on those related to coupling and increased complexity. Count the number of identified weaknesses per service.
Manage Assets Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-11 Cobit5 Process ID: BAI09 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Internal Sample Metrics: • Frequency of capability maturity and cost optimisation assessments • Trend of assessment results • Satisfaction levels of business and IT executives with IT-related costs and capabilities	Review the asset inventory focusing on asset interdepencies and count the number of interdependent assets per service.
Manage Continuity Cobit5 Goal ID: E-07 Cobit5 Process ID: DSS04 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Customer Sample Metrics: • Number of customer service interruptions causing significant incidents • Business cost of incidents • Number of business processing hours lost due to unplanned service interruptions • Percent of complaints as a function of committed service availability targets	Review the business impact analysis focusing on dependencies to services and components. Count the number of dependencies per service.
Manage Entreprise Architecture Cobit5 Goal ID: E-11 Cobit5 Process ID: APO03 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Internal Sample Metrics: • Frequency of business process capability maturity assessments • Trend of assessment results • Satisfaction levels of board and executives with business process capabilities	Review the architecture for providing the services focusing on areas where high complexity exists (e.g. Many complicated processess, processes depending on critical processes, existance of single-point-of-failure points, etc). Count the number of such areas.
Manage Assets Cobit5 Goal ID: E-10 Cobit5 Process ID: BAI09 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Customer Sample Metrics: • Frequency of service delivery cost optimisation assessments • Trend of cost assessment vs. service level results • Satisfaction levels of board and executive management with service delivery costs	Review the results of cost optimisation reviews focusing on identified opportunities for decoupling services.
Manage the IT Management Framework Cobit5 Goal ID: E-04 Cobit5 Process ID: APO01 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Cost of regulatory non-compliance, including settlements and fines • Number of regulatory non-compliance issues causing public comment or negative publicity • Number of regulatory non-compliance issues relating to contractual agreements with business partners	Review the maping of organisational structure and functions. Count the number of services that are dependent from a high number of services, functions and compponents.
Ensure Resource Optimisation Cobit5 Goal ID: E-12 Cobit5 Process ID: EDM04 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Internal Sample Metrics: • Frequency of business process cost optimisation assessments • Trend of cost assessment vs. service level results • Satisfaction levels of board and executive management with business processing costs	Review principles related to safeguarding resources. Identify resources that are not fullfiling these principles in relation to consupmtion and utilization.
Manage Portfolio Cobit5 Goal ID: E-02 Cobit5 Process ID: APO05 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Percent of products and services that meet or exceed targets in revenues and/or market share • Ratio of products and services per life cycle phase • Percent of products and services that meet or exceed customer satisfaction targets • Percent of products and services that provide competitive advantage	Review the overall investment portfolio mix and relevant investment proposals. Summarize the value of investments per service.
Ensure Risk Optimisation Cobit5 Goal ID: E-05 Cobit5 Process ID: EDM03 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Percent of investment business cases with clearly defined and approved expected costs and benefits • Percent of products and services with defined and approved operational costs and expected benefits • Satisfaction survey of key stakeholders regarding the transparency, understanding and accuracy of enterprise financial information • Percent of service cost that can be allocated to users	Review the risk assessment results and count the cases where the underlying vulnerability is related to increased system complexity.
Manage Quality Cobit5 Goal ID: E-01 Cobit5 Process ID: APO11 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Percent of investments where value delivered meets stakeholder expectations • Percent of products and services where expected benefits are realised • Percent of investments where claimed benefits are met or exceeded	Set and measure quality criteria related to the complexity of the service.
Manage Change Acceptance and Transitioning Cobit5 Goal ID: IT-12 Cobit5 Process ID: BAI07 Domain: IT Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Internal Sample Metrics: • Number of business processing incidents caused by technology integration errors • Number of business process changes that need to be delayed or reworked because of technology integration issues • Number of IT-enabled business programmes delayed or incurring additional cost due to technology integration issues • Number of applications or critical infrastructures operating in silos and not integrated	Review the post-implementation reviews focusing on the time needed to implement each step of the change. Identify the slowest step of the process. Count these steps per service.
Manage Entreprise Architecture Cobit5 Goal ID: E-08 Cobit5 Process ID: APO03 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Customer Sample Metrics: • Level of board satisfaction with enterprise responsiveness to new requirements • Number of critical products and services supported by up-to-date business processes • Average time to turn strategic enterprise objectives into an agreed-on and approved initiative	Review the target architecture value propositions, goals and metrics focusing on the ones connected with complexity and coupling. Count the number of services not reaching relevant targets.
Manage Risk Cobit5 Goal ID: E-03 Cobit5 Process ID: APO12 Domain: Enterprise Goal Balanced Scorecard (BSC): Financial Sample Metrics: • Percent of critical business objectives and services covered by risk assessment • Ratio of significant incidents that were not identified in risk assessments vs. total incidents • Frequency of update of risk profile	Identify in the risk managament methodology, risk factors related to complexity and coupling. For each identified risk calculate these risk factors.

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